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41.
Study Design
Case series.Introduction
A salvaged limb is one that has undergone a major traumatic injury, followed by repeated surgical attempts in order to avoid amputation. Psychological recovery for individuals with lower extremity limb salvage has been examined in a number of studies. However, psychosocial reactions for individuals with upper extremity (UE) limb salvage are understudied in the literature.Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study was to explore the process of psychosocial adaptation for 3 trauma cases after UE limb salvage.Methods
The Reactions to Impairment and Disability Inventory was used to assess psychosocial adaptation. Physical function outcomes (pain, range of motion, edema, sensation, and dexterity) are presented. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand measure was used to assess perceived disability. Medical and rehabilitation history are discussed for each case, in order to provide in-depth understanding of the impact of these injuries.Results
Reactions to injury varied across the cases; however, outcomes suggest that psychosocial adaptation may be influenced by the experience of pain, the ability to participate in valued roles and activities, and having a supportive social network.Discussion
For this population, therapists may consider emphasizing pain management, focusing on client-centered goals and interventions, and facilitating peer support. Providers should closely monitor patients for signs of poor adaptation, such as hand-hiding behaviors.Conclusions
This study is among the first to examine psychological outcomes for the UE limb salvage population. Future research would be beneficial to provide deeper understanding of the psychosocial challenges for these individuals. 相似文献42.
Margaret H. Lauerman Karen Irizarry Clint Sliker Brandon R. Bruns Ronald Tesoriero Thomas M. Scalea Deborah M. Stein 《Injury》2019,50(1):131-136
Background
Current blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) grading grossly differentiates injury characteristics such as luminal stenosis (LS) and aneurysmal disease. The effect of increasing degree of LS beyond the current BCVI grading scale on stroke formation is unknown.Study Design
BCVI over a 3-year period were retrospectively reviewed. To investigate influence of LS beyond the BCVI grading scale within aneurysmal and non-aneurysmal BCVI, grade 2 BCVI were subdivided into BCVI with ≥ 25% and ≤ 50% LS and BCVI with > 50% and ≤ 99% LS. Grade 3 BCVI were subdivided into BCVI with pseudoaneurysm (PSA) without LS and BCVI with PSA and LS. We hypothesized increased LS beyond the current BCVI grade distinctions would be associated with higher rates of stroke formation.Results
312 BCVI were included, of which 140 were carotid BCVI and 172 vertebral BCVI. Sixteen carotid BCVI underwent endovascular intervention (EI) and 19 suffered a stroke. In carotid BCVI stroke rates increased sequentially with BCVI grade except in grade 3. There was a stroke rate of 12% in grade 1 carotid BCVI, 18% in grade 2, 6% in grade 3, and 31% in grade 4. In subgroup analysis for grade 2 carotid BCVI, BCVI with > 50% and ≤ 99% LS had higher rates of stroke (22% vs. 15%, p?=?0.44) than BCVI with ≥ 25% and ≤ 50% LS. In subgroup analysis of grade 3 carotid BCVI, BCVI with PSA and LS had higher rates of stroke (9% vs. 4%, p?=?0.48) than BCVI with PSA without LS. Higher rates of EI in grade 2 carotid BCVI with > 50% and ≤ 99% LS (22% vs. 5%, p?=?0.14) and grade 3 carotid BCVI with PSA and LS (35% vs. 4%, p?=?0.01) were noted in subgroup analysis.Conclusion
Higher percentage LS beyond the currently used BCVI grading scale has a non-significantly increased rate of stroke in both aneurysmal and non-aneurysmal BCVI. Grade 3 BCVI with PSA and LS seems to be a high-risk subgroup. Use of EI confounds modern measurement of stroke risk in higher LS BCVI. 相似文献43.
《Archivos de bronconeumología》2019,55(6):312-318
Introduction and objectivesDeterminants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the early stages of its natural history are not well known. Improving our knowledge of these factors will help to design interventions that can modify prognosis.Study objectives are: a) to characterize a COPD population of young adults aged 35-50 years from a multidimensional point of view; b) to compare these patients with smokers with normal lung function; and c) to create a cohort of young adults aged 35-50 years (smokers or former smokers), with and without COPD, who will be followed in the future to improve understanding of the natural history of the disease.Participants and methodThis is a case-control multicenter study aimed at establishing a well-characterized cohort of young adults, smokers or former-smokers, with and without COPD, for subsequent follow-up.A total of 311 participants (101 cases and 210 controls) were selected from approximately 30 primary care settings and 12 hospitals in 8 Spanish regions. Subjects were smokers or former smokers (> 10 pack-years) aged 35-50 years. Diagnosis of COPD was based on a post-bronchodilator result of FEV1/FVC < 70%.The main study variables were: questionnaires on health, symptoms, exacerbations and daily physical activity, lung function tests, blood and sputum samples, and low-dose computed tomography. In the statistical analysis, COPD patient characteristics will be described and compared with control subjects using a logistic regression analysis. 相似文献
44.
Early diffusion-weighted imaging and outcome prediction of comatose survivors after suicidal hanging
Dong Won Choi Suk Woo Lee Seong-Hae Jeong Jung Soo Park Hoon Kim 《The American journal of emergency medicine》2019,37(1):5-11
Purpose
Early outcome prediction after suicidal hanging is challenging in comatose survivors. We analysed the early patterns of brain diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) abnormalities in comatose survivors after suicidal hanging.Methods
After suicidal hanging, 18 comatose survivors were prospectively evaluated from January 2013 to December 2016. DWI was performed within 3?h after hanging in comatose survivors. We evaluated Utstein style variables and analysed abnormal spatial profile of signal intensity on DWI, brain apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, and qualitative DWI scores to predict neurological outcomes.Results
All hanging associated cardiac arrest (CA) patients demonstrated bad neurological outcomes; 80% of non-CA comatose patients experienced good neurological outcomes. In hanging survivors with CA, cortical grey matter structures and deep grey nuclei exhibited profound ADC reductions and high DWI scores within 3?h after hanging, which was associated with diffuse anoxic brain damage with poor cerebral performance categories scores. CA comatose survivors had significantly lower ADC values and higher DWI scores compared to non-CA comatose survivors in the cortex and deep grey nuclei.Conclusion
Although the presence of CA is the most important clinical prognosticator in hanging-associated comatose survivors, HSI abnormalities and low ADC values in the cortex and deep grey nuclei on DWI performed within 3?h after hanging are well-correlated with unfavourable outcomes regardless of therapeutic hypothermia. Therefore, early DWI may increase the sensitivity of poor outcome prediction and may be an effective combinatorial screening method when available prognostic variables are not reliable or conclusive. 相似文献45.
Background: Mechanisms underlying associations between early drinking and problems are largely unknown. Objectives: We investigated (a) associations between early age of first intoxication (≤15?years) and past year drinking in different contexts and (b) whether early age of first intoxication is differentially associated with problems in these contexts. Methods: We used survey data collected in 2013–2014 from 405 past-year adolescent drinkers in 24 midsized California cities. Data included demographics; drinking behaviors; age of first intoxication; frequency of being at and drinking at restaurants, bars/nightclubs, outdoor places, and home; and problems. We used multilevel logistic and negative binomial models to account for the clustering of adolescents within cities. Probabilities were corrected to maintain family-wise error rates. Results: Early age of first intoxication was associated with a 120% increase in the odds of drinking at outdoor settings (OR = 2.20, pc < .05). Early age of first intoxication was associated with increased numbers of problems related to drinking in restaurants (IRR = 5.72, pc < .001), outdoor settings (IRR = 3.40, pc < .001), and homes (IRR = 2.84, pc < .001). Later intoxication (≥16?years) was not significantly associated with increased drinking or problems in any of these contexts. Conclusions: Results suggest that underage drinkers who report early intoxication are more likely to drink at outdoor settings, but not other contexts. However, they may differentially experience drinking problems across contexts. To target youths who have experienced intoxication at an early age and to reduce problems, prevention interventions should focus on outdoor settings. 相似文献
46.
47.
《European journal of surgical oncology》2020,46(6):982-990
IntroductionLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-death worldwide. The U.S. Preventative Services Task Force (USPTSF) approved screening for current or former smokers aged 55–80 based on the results of the National Lung Screening trial (NLST). Following the NLST, new evidence has emerged from clinical trials and updates to previous trials prior to the anticipated update to the USPSTF guideline. We review the new evidence on lung cancer screening with low dose computed tomography (LDCT) and the surgical implications.MethodsA review of new literature was performed pertaining to lung cancer screening since implementation of UPSTF guidelines. Articles for inclusion were identified by both authors’, then search of the Pubmed and Cochrane database was performed from January 1st, 2013 through February 4th, 2020 using the MeSH search terms: “lung cancer”; “screening”; “low dose CT”. The results of these studies are summarized.ResultsWe identified multiple prospective randomized control trials and meta-analysis since the NLST supporting lung cancer-specific mortality with screening. We identified new nodule classification systems and the development of risk-models which may reduce false positive rates and identify high risk patients not currently eligible for screening. Finally, we discussed the surgical implications of screening.ConclusionNew data supports NLST findings and show ongoing benefit to LDCT for lung cancer screening. Standardized LDCT screening classification has been shown to reduce harm and lower false positive rates. Further study is needed regarding use of risk-modeling. Screening will require an increase in the thoracic workforce to accommodate the amount of surgically operable cancers. 相似文献
48.
《Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery》2020,48(3):217-222
PurposeThis study evaluated the usefulness of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy with preoperative computed tomographic lymphography (CTL) and intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging for N0 early tongue cancer.MethodsTwenty-seven patients with N0 early oral tongue cancer underwent CTL with a 128-slice multi-detector row CT scanner to detect SLN on the day before resection of primary tumor and SLN biopsy under ICG fluorescence guidance. We identified the location and number of SLNs mapped by CTL and evaluated whether CTL-enhanced SLNs could be identified intraoperatively as ICG fluorescent lymph nodes. Prognosis was also evaluated.ResultsSLNs were detected by CTL in 26 of 27 patients (96.3%). The total and mean numbers of SLNs were 41 and 1.5, respectively. All SLNs enhanced by CTL could be identified intraoperatively as ICG fluorescent lymph nodes. Two SLNs were found under ICG fluorescent guidance in only one patient without SLN enhanced by CTL. Among the 27 patients, five (18.5%) had SLN with metastasis. Median follow-up was 76 months (range 44–82 months). During follow-up, three of 22 patients without SLN metastasis had occult cervical lymph node metastasis. The 5-year overall survival rate was 100%.ConclusionSLN biopsy with preoperative CTL and intraoperative ICG fluorescence imaging is a feasible and reliable procedure, without radioisotope tracers, for neck management in cases of early tongue cancer. 相似文献
49.
《The ocular surface》2020,18(2):249-257
PurposeTo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the intranasal tear neurostimulator (ITN) in improving dry eye symptoms assessed in a controlled adverse environment (CAE®).MethodsStudy 1: Multicenter, subject-masked, randomized-sequence, crossover design. Single intranasal (active) and extranasal (control) ITN administration during CAE exposure. Study 2: Single-arm, open-label design. Intranasal ITN administration ≥2 times/day for 45 days, CAE assessment at days 0 and 45. In both studies, upon CAE entry, and every 5 min thereafter, subjects assessed eye dryness score (visual analog scale, 0–100 mm; EDS-VAS), and ocular discomfort score (ODS; Ora Calibra™, 0–4), for ≈2 h. Study 1: when ODS was ≥3 at 2 consecutive timepoints, subjects applied ITN intranasally or extranasally for ≈3 min, and again when achieving the same ODS criteria in randomized sequence. Study 2: days 0 and 45, ITN was applied for ≈3 min employing the same ODS criteria as Study 1.ResultsStudy 1: Significantly greater pre- to post-application reductions in mean [SEM] EDS (−16.5 [1.7] vs −3.1 [1.7], P < 0.0001) and ODS (−0.93 [0.08] vs −0.34 [0.08], P < 0.0001; n = 143) with intranasal vs extranasal stimulation. Study 2: On day 0 (n = 52) and day 45 (n = 48), significant pre- to post-application reductions in mean [SEM] EDS (−15.9 [2.7] and −15.2 [2.4]; P < 0.0001), and ODS (−1.3 [0.2] and −1.3 [0.1]; P < 0.0001). Few device-related adverse events were reported, none serious.ConclusionsAcute symptom relief is significant with the ITN and remains undiminished after daily use. 相似文献
50.